Occupation Centered Lifestyle InterventionsLaajuus (5 cr)
Code: STTS2016
Credits
5 op
Teaching language
- Finnish
Responsible person
- Maaret Rutanen
- Emmi Ritvos
Objective
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Qualifications
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Assessment criteria, approved/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Enrollment
01.04.2025 - 30.04.2025
Timing
19.05.2025 - 31.12.2025
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Virtual portion
4.5 op
Mode of delivery
10 % Face-to-face, 90 % Online learning
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Seats
20 - 40
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Maaret Rutanen
- Emmi Ritvos
Teacher in charge
Emmi Ritvos
Groups
-
STT23SMToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT22S1Toimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT22SMToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT23S1Toimintaterapeutti (AMK)
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Time and location
The course will take place online. For group guidance, you can choose to conduct the group face-to-face or remotely.
Learning materials and recommended literature
Clark, F.A., Blanchard, J., Sleight, A. ym. 2015. Lifestyle Redesign. The Intervention Tested in the USC Well Elderly Studies. 2nd Edition. AOTA Press. tai Mendel, D.R. 1999. Lifestyle redesign: implementing the well elderly prrogram. AOTA cop. tai Craig. C. & Mountain, G. 2007. Lifestyle matters: an occupational approach to healthy aging. Speechmark.
Erlandsson, L-K. & Persson, D. 2020. The ValMO Model: occupational therapy for a healthy life by doing. Studentlitteratur.
Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2014 Occupatinal therapy in community-based practice settings. Second edition. F.A. Davis. E-kirja. tai Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2020. Occupational therapy in community and population health practice. Third edition. F.A. Davis.
Current research.
Teaching methods
The course is based on online pedagogical methods and requires independent work. In addition to studying theory, you will have the opportunity to practise group guidance in practice (face-to-face or in remote groups).
The course consists of webinars, recordings, independent smaller assignments and group work in a meeting exercise and a reading circle. You will write a plan for the group intervention and reflect on the development of your skills in essay format at the end of the course.
Participation in webinars requires a working camera, headphones and a microphone. Directions for using AI are found in Moodle-workspace.
Exam dates and retake possibilities
Detailed timetables can be found in the Moodle workspace.
Alternative completion methods
You can choose this course on Occupation Centered Lifestyle Interventions to lead a TOIVO group in autumn 25 OR join the spring 26 implementation, where you will find a group to lead yourself.
You cannot gain accreditation for this course even if you have experience in group guidance, as you will be practising the practical application of an occupational therapy intervention.
Student workload
A total of 5 credits or 135 h of student work.
Theoretical part of the course 3h or 81h:
Total webinars 12h
Recordings and related smaller assignments 10h
Meeting exercises 3h
Reading group 27h
Theoretical background of the group Task 29h
Tasks for the practical part 2h or 54h:
Group search and planning 20h
Group facilitation and keeping a learning diary 20h
Essay 14h
Content scheduling
During the course, you will first study theory for about 6 weeks during weeks 21-26.The working weeks will be scheduled for either a webinar, independent work or group work. You can continue to study the theory independently throughout the summer. On August 25 you will start as a TOIVO group tutor under the guidance of an experienced teacher.
Further information for students
Evaluation is based on self-evaluation, peer evaluation and teachers feedback.
Evaluation scale
Pass/Fail
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Enrollment
18.11.2024 - 09.01.2025
Timing
13.01.2025 - 18.05.2025
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Virtual portion
4.5 op
Mode of delivery
10 % Face-to-face, 90 % Online learning
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Seats
20 - 40
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Maaret Rutanen
- Emmi Ritvos
Teacher in charge
Emmi Ritvos
Groups
-
STT23SMToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT22S1Toimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT22SMToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT23S1Toimintaterapeutti (AMK)
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Time and location
The course will take place online. For group guidance, you can choose to conduct the group face-to-face or remotely.
Learning materials and recommended literature
Clark, F.A., Blanchard, J., Sleight, A. ym. 2015. Lifestyle Redesign. The Intervention Tested in the USC Well Elderly Studies. 2nd Edition. AOTA Press. tai Mendel, D.R. 1999. Lifestyle redesign: implementing the well elderly prrogram. AOTA cop. tai Craig. C. & Mountain, G. 2007. Lifestyle matters: an occupational approach to healthy aging. Speechmark.
Erlandsson, L-K. & Persson, D. 2020. The ValMO Model: occupational therapy for a healthy life by doing. Studentlitteratur.
Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2014 Occupatinal therapy in community-based practice settings. Second edition. F.A. Davis. E-kirja. tai Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2020. Occupational therapy in community and population health practice. Third edition. F.A. Davis.
Current research.
Teaching methods
The course is based on online pedagogical methods and requires independent work. In addition to studying theory, you will have the opportunity to practise group guidance in practice (face-to-face or in remote groups).
The course consists of webinars, recordings, independent smaller assignments and group work in a meeting exercise and a reading circle. You will write a plan for the group intervention, keep a study journal during the intervention and reflect on the development of your skills in essay exam format at the end of the course.
Participation in webinars requires a working camera, headphones and a microphone. Directions for using AI are found in Moodle-workspace.
Practical training and working life connections
Group guidance is possible to carry out in working life context.
Exam dates and retake possibilities
Detailed timetables can be found in the Moodle workspace. You can take the course exam flexibly in Moodle towards the end of the course.
Alternative completion methods
You can choose this course in Occupation Centered Lifestyle Interventions to find a group to guide yourself OR come to the course in summer period and lead a TOIVO group in autumn 25. In this case you do not need to find the group yourself.
You cannot gain accreditation for this course even if you have experience in group guidance, as you will be practising the practical application of an occupational therapy intervention.
Student workload
A total of 5 credits or 135 h of student work.
Theoretical part of the course 3h or 81h:
Total webinars 12h
Recordings and related smaller assignments 10h
Meeting exercises 3h
Reading group 27h
Theoretical background of the group Task 29h
Tasks for the practical part 2h or 54h:
Group search and planning 20h
Group facilitation and keeping a learning diary 20h
Essay exam 14h
Content scheduling
You will start by studying theory about 7-8 weeks. The working weeks are scheduled for either a webinar, independent work or group work. After studying the theory, you can go on to supervise a group in practice. There is also a tutor-led webinar scheduled for the practical guidance period.
Further information for students
Evaluation is based on self-evaluation, peer evaluation and teachers feedback.
Evaluation scale
Pass/Fail
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Enrollment
01.08.2024 - 22.08.2024
Timing
26.08.2024 - 30.04.2025
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Virtual portion
4 op
Mode of delivery
20 % Face-to-face, 80 % Online learning
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Seats
0 - 40
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Maaret Rutanen
- Emmi Ritvos
Teacher in charge
Maaret Rutanen
Groups
-
STT22S1Toimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT22SMToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Time and location
Teaching takes place online. Practical group meetings can take place at school, at a self-organised location or remotely.
Learning materials and recommended literature
Clark, F.A., Blanchard, J., Sleight, A. ym. 2015. Lifestyle Redesign. The Intervention Tested in the USC Well Elderly Studies. 2nd Edition. AOTA Press. tai Mendel, D.R. 1999. Lifestyle redesign: implementing the well elderly program. AOTA cop. tai Craig. C. & Mountain, G. 2007. Lifestyle matters: an occupational approach to healthy aging. Speechmark.
Erlandsson, L-K. & Persson, D. 2020. The ValMO Model: occupational therapy for a healthy life by doing. Studentlitteratur.
Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2014 Occupational therapy in community-based practice settings. Second edition. F.A. Davis. E-kirja. tai Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2020. Occupational therapy in community and population health practice. Third edition. F.A. Davis.
Current research articles on the subject.
Teaching methods
The course is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theory part, you will participate in interactive webinars, watch recordings and familiarise yourself with the materials. You will study independently and in groups. In groups, you will have a meeting exercise and a reading circle at the times indicated in the timetable. In the practical part, you will design and implement a minimal group facilitation process. At the end of the course, you will summarise what you have learned in an essay combining literature and practice.
Feedback will be collected at mid-term.
Practical training and working life connections
The practical part of the course can be completed in working life context.
Student workload
Theory 3cr workload:
Participation in webinars & viewing of recordings and related assignments 27h
Meeting practice (including preparation and meeting) 4h
Theoretical background of the group Task 23h
Reading circle (including reading materials, meetings, video + commentary) 27h
Practical part 2cr workload:
Group planning and implementation 40,5h
Planning and designing the coursework, planning and planning the project (group work) 13,5h
Content scheduling
The theoretical part of the course will take place in September-October 2024. You can work on the written assignments until December. The practical part will take place in January-March 2025 as a Toivo Group instructor. Toivo Groups will start during New Student Orientation Week in week 1 at the JAMK campus. If necessary, you can participate remotely. Toivo Groups will take place either remotely or through contact meetings, depending on the availability of the group members and the instructors.
Further information for students
Course assessment is based on self-assessment, peer assessment and feedback from the teacher.
Evaluation scale
Pass/Fail
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Enrollment
01.04.2024 - 30.04.2024
Timing
13.05.2024 - 15.12.2024
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Virtual portion
3 op
Mode of delivery
40 % Face-to-face, 60 % Online learning
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Seats
0 - 40
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Maaret Rutanen
- Katri Kainulainen
- Emmi Ritvos
Teacher in charge
Emmi Ritvos
Groups
-
STT22S1Toimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT21S1Toimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT22SMToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT21SMToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Evaluation scale
0-5
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Enrollment
20.11.2023 - 04.01.2024
Timing
03.01.2024 - 20.05.2024
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Virtual portion
3 op
Mode of delivery
40 % Face-to-face, 60 % Online learning
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Seats
0 - 35
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Katri Kainulainen
- Emmi Ritvos
Teacher in charge
Emmi Ritvos
Groups
-
STT21S1Toimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT21SMToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Evaluation scale
0-5
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Enrollment
01.08.2023 - 24.08.2023
Timing
28.08.2023 - 30.04.2024
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Virtual portion
3 op
Mode of delivery
40 % Face-to-face, 60 % Online learning
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Seats
0 - 30
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Maaret Rutanen
- Emmi Ritvos
Teacher in charge
Emmi Ritvos
Groups
-
STT21S1Toimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT21SMToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Learning materials and recommended literature
Arajärvi, P. & Thesleff, P. 2020. Suorituskyvyn psykologia. Tieto- ja taitokirja korkeaa suorituskykyä ja hyvinvointia rakentaville. VK-kustannus.
Clark, F.A., Blanchard, J., Sleight, A. ym. 2015. Lifestyle Redesign. The Intervention Tested in the USC Well Elderly Studies. 2nd Edition. AOTA Press. tai Mendel, D.R. 1999. Lifestyle redesign: implementing the well elderly prrogram. AOTA cop. tai Craig. C. & Mountain, G. 2007. Lifestyle matters: an occupational approach to healthy aging. Speechmark.
Erlandsson, L-K. & Persson, D. 2020. The ValMO Model: occupational therapy for a healthy life by doing. Studentlitteratur.
Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2014 Occupatinal therapy in community-based practice settings. Second edition. F.A. Davis. E-kirja. tai Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2020. Occupational therapy in community and population health practice. Third edition. F.A. Davis.
Current studies of the topic
Teaching methods
The course is based on online pedagogy, individual learning, current research and practical learning.
There are webinars, planning the intervention and group work during the course.
Practical training and working life connections
Learning assignent is possible to carry out in cooperation at working life context.
Student workload
5 cr 135 hrs
Independent learning, group work and learning assigments , webinars 3 cr
Practical training 2 cr
Content scheduling
Teoriaosuus syksyllä 2023, käytännön toteutus kevät 2024.
Further information for students
Evaluation is based on self-evaluation, peer evaluation and teachers feedback.
Evaluation scale
Pass/Fail
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Enrollment
01.04.2023 - 30.04.2023
Timing
15.05.2023 - 13.12.2023
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Virtual portion
5 op
Mode of delivery
Online learning
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Seats
0 - 35
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Maaret Rutanen
- Emmi Ritvos
- Liisa Mattila
Groups
-
STT20S1Toimintaterapeutti
-
STT22S1Toimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT22SMToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT20SMLToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT20SMToimintaterapeutti
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Learning materials and recommended literature
Arajärvi, P. & Thesleff, P. 2020. Suorituskyvyn psykologia. Tieto- ja taitokirja korkeaa suorituskykyä ja hyvinvointia rakentaville. VK-kustannus.
Clark, F.A., Blanchard, J., Sleight, A. ym. 2015. Lifestyle Redesign. The Intervention Tested in the USC Well Elderly Studies. 2nd Edition. AOTA Press. tai Mendel, D.R. 1999. Lifestyle redesign: implementing the well elderly prrogram. AOTA cop. tai Craig. C. & Mountain, G. 2007. Lifestyle matters: an occupational approach to healthy aging. Speechmark.
Erlandsson, L-K. & Persson, D. 2020. The ValMO Model: occupational therapy for a healthy life by doing. Studentlitteratur.
Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2014 Occupatinal therapy in community-based practice settings. Second edition. F.A. Davis. E-kirja. tai Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2020. Occupational therapy in community and population health practice. Third edition. F.A. Davis.
Current studies of the topic
Teaching methods
The course is based on online pedagogy, individual learning, current research and practical learning.
There are webinars, planning the intervention and group work during the course.
Practical training and working life connections
Learning assignent is possible to carry out in cooperation at working life context.
Student workload
5 cr 135 hrs
Independent learning, group work and learning assigments , webinars 3 cr
Practical training 2 cr
Further information for students
Evaluation is based on self-evaluation, peer evaluation and teachers feedback.
Evaluation scale
Pass/Fail
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Enrollment
01.11.2022 - 06.01.2023
Timing
09.01.2023 - 10.03.2023
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Virtual portion
5 op
Mode of delivery
Online learning
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Seats
0 - 25
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Maaret Rutanen
- Emmi Ritvos
Groups
-
STT20S1Toimintaterapeutti
-
STT20SMLToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT20SMToimintaterapeutti
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Learning materials and recommended literature
Arajärvi, P. & Thesleff, P. 2020. Suorituskyvyn psykologia. Tieto- ja taitokirja korkeaa suorituskykyä ja hyvinvointia rakentaville. VK-kustannus.
Clark, F.A., Blanchard, J., Sleight, A. ym. 2015. Lifestyle Redesign. The Intervention Tested in the USC Well Elderly Studies. 2nd Edition. AOTA Press. tai Mendel, D.R. 1999. Lifestyle redesign: implementing the well elderly prrogram. AOTA cop. tai Craig. C. & Mountain, G. 2007. Lifestyle matters: an occupational approach to healthy aging. Speechmark.
Erlandsson, L-K. & Persson, D. 2020. The ValMO Model: occupational therapy for a healthy life by doing. Studentlitteratur.
Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2014 Occupatinal therapy in community-based practice settings. Second edition. F.A. Davis. E-kirja. tai Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2020. Occupational therapy in community and population health practice. Third edition. F.A. Davis.
Current studies of the topic
Teaching methods
The course is based on online pedagogy, individual learning, current research and practical learning.
There are webinars, planning the intervention and group work during the course.
Practical training and working life connections
Learning assignent is possible to carry out in cooperation at working life context.
Student workload
5 cr 135 hrs
Independent learning and learning assigments , webinars 3 cr
Practical training 2 cr
Further information for students
Evaluation is based on self-evaluation, peer evaluation and teachers feedback.
Evaluation scale
Pass/Fail
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Timing
16.09.2022 - 04.11.2022
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Mode of delivery
Face-to-face
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Campus
Lutakko Campus
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Maaret Rutanen
- Emmi Ritvos
- Johanna Juola
Teacher in charge
Emmi Ritvos
Groups
-
ZJA21SSHKKDAvoin amk, KKD, Hyvinvointivalmennuksen KKD
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Learning materials and recommended literature
Arajärvi, P. & Thesleff, P. 2020. Suorituskyvyn psykologia. Tieto- ja taitokirja korkeaa suorituskykyä ja hyvinvointia rakentaville. VK-kustannus.
Clark, F.A., Blanchard, J., Sleight, A. ym. 2015. Lifestyle Redesign. The Intervention Tested in the USC Well Elderly Studies. 2nd Edition. AOTA Press. tai Mendel, D.R. 1999. Lifestyle redesign: implementing the well elderly prrogram. AOTA cop. tai Craig. C. & Mountain, G. 2007. Lifestyle matters: an occupational approach to healthy aging. Speechmark.
Erlandsson, L-K. & Persson, D. 2020. The ValMO Model: occupational therapy for a healthy life by doing. Studentlitteratur.
Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2014 Occupatinal therapy in community-based practice settings. Second edition. F.A. Davis. E-kirja. tai Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2020. Occupational therapy in community and population health practice. Third edition. F.A. Davis.
Current studies of the topic
Teaching methods
The course is based on online pedagogy, individual learning, current research and practical learning.
There are webinars, planning the intervention and group work during the course.
Practical training and working life connections
Learning assignent is possible to carry out in cooperation at working life context.
Student workload
5 cr 135 hrs
Independent learning, group work and learning assigments, webinars or seminars 3 cr
Practical training 2 cr
Further information for students
Evaluation is based on self-evaluation, peer evaluation and teachers feedback.
Evaluation scale
Pass/Fail
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Enrollment
01.08.2022 - 26.08.2022
Timing
29.08.2022 - 31.12.2022
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Virtual portion
5 op
Mode of delivery
Online learning
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Seats
0 - 35
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Maaret Rutanen
- Emmi Ritvos
Groups
-
STT20S1Toimintaterapeutti
-
STT20SMLToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
-
STT20SMToimintaterapeutti
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Learning materials and recommended literature
Arajärvi, P. & Thesleff, P. 2020. Suorituskyvyn psykologia. Tieto- ja taitokirja korkeaa suorituskykyä ja hyvinvointia rakentaville. VK-kustannus.
Clark, F.A., Blanchard, J., Sleight, A. ym. 2015. Lifestyle Redesign. The Intervention Tested in the USC Well Elderly Studies. 2nd Edition. AOTA Press. tai Mendel, D.R. 1999. Lifestyle redesign: implementing the well elderly prrogram. AOTA cop. tai Craig. C. & Mountain, G. 2007. Lifestyle matters: an occupational approach to healthy aging. Speechmark.
Erlandsson, L-K. & Persson, D. 2020. The ValMO Model: occupational therapy for a healthy life by doing. Studentlitteratur.
Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2014 Occupatinal therapy in community-based practice settings. Second edition. F.A. Davis. E-kirja. tai Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2020. Occupational therapy in community and population health practice. Third edition. F.A. Davis.
Current studies of the topic
Teaching methods
The course is based on online pedagogy, individual learning, current research and practical learning.
There are webinars, planning the intervention and group work during the course.
Practical training and working life connections
Learning assignent is possible to carry out in cooperation at working life context.
Student workload
5 cr 135 hrs
Independent learning and learning assigments , webinars 3 cr
Practical training 2 cr
Further information for students
Evaluation is based on self-evaluation, peer evaluation and teachers feedback.
Evaluation scale
Pass/Fail
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Timing
01.08.2022 - 31.07.2023
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Mode of delivery
Face-to-face
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Mari Kantanen
- Jaana Ritsilä
Groups
-
STT22KMTEToimintaterapeutti (AMK)
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Evaluation scale
0-5
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.
Enrollment
01.11.2021 - 09.01.2022
Timing
16.05.2022 - 14.12.2022
Number of ECTS credits allocated
5 op
Virtual portion
4 op
Mode of delivery
20 % Face-to-face, 80 % Online learning
Unit
School of Health and Social Studies
Teaching languages
- Finnish
Seats
12 - 35
Degree programmes
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Occupational Therapy
Teachers
- Emmi Ritvos
- Maaret Rutanen
Teacher in charge
Emmi Ritvos
Groups
-
STT20S1Toimintaterapeutti
-
STT20SMToimintaterapeutti
Objectives
Purpose of the course
In this course you will learn to understand the connection between health, activity and lifestyle. You will learn ways how to support lifestyles within your own profession. You will apply these way in authentic guiding situations.
Competences
Client competence in health and social care
Competence in occupational therapy process and clinical reasoning
Learning outcomes
After completing this course you will know how health, activity and lifestyle are related to each other. You will understand, how to support lifestyles by using your own professional theory base and evidence based knowledge. You will be able to apply this knowledge in authentic guiding situations by examing the clients´ needs and supportig them to obey health promoting lifestyles.
Content
In this course, you get to know the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You consider the meaning of supporting lifestyle’s as a part of social and health care procedure in your own profession. You use actual evidence-based- and research material in the process. You familiarize yourself with evidence-based programs that support lifestyle such as Lifestyle Redesign-program. You deepen your understanding of how to motivate your client with transtheoretical model of change and motivational interviewing approach. You become familiar with using occupation and technology as tools for change. You plan and carry out lifestyle guidance situations where you use occupation-based methods.
Learning materials and recommended literature
Arajärvi, P. & Thesleff, P. 2020. Suorituskyvyn psykologia. Tieto- ja taitokirja korkeaa suorituskykyä ja hyvinvointia rakentaville. VK-kustannus.
Clark, F.A., Blanchard, J., Sleight, A. ym. 2015. Lifestyle Redesign. The Intervention Tested in the USC Well Elderly Studies. 2nd Edition. AOTA Press. tai Mendel, D.R. 1999. Lifestyle redesign: implementing the well elderly prrogram. AOTA cop. tai Craig. C. & Mountain, G. 2007. Lifestyle matters: an occupational approach to healthy aging. Speechmark.
Erlandsson, L-K. & Persson, D. 2020. The ValMO Model: occupational therapy for a healthy life by doing. Studentlitteratur.
Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2014 Occupatinal therapy in community-based practice settings. Second edition. F.A. Davis. E-kirja. tai Scaffa, M.E. & Reitz, S.M. 2020. Occupational therapy in community and population health practice. Third edition. F.A. Davis.
Current studies of the topic
Teaching methods
The course is based on online pedagogy, individual learning, current research and practical learning.
There are webinars, planning the intervention and group work during the course.
Practical training and working life connections
Learning assignent is possible to carry out in cooperation at working life context.
Student workload
5 cr 135 hrs
Independent learning and learning assigments , webinars 3 cr
Practical training 2 cr
Further information for students
Evaluation is based on self-evaluation, peer evaluation and teachers feedback.
Evaluation scale
Pass/Fail
Evaluation criteria, pass/failed
Pass: You show understanding of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. You use reasoning when examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle from your own profession’s perspective as well as in social- and healthcare overall. You plan and carry out theory- and occupation- based lifestyle guidance. You show that you can evaluate your own professional function by using theory.
Fail: You cannot show understanding of of the relationship between health, occupation and lifestyle. Examining the meaning of supporting lifestyle as a part of social and health care procedure is not justifiable. Evaluation of your own professional function is inadequate.
Prerequisites
When entering this course you must have basic knowledge of the theoretical principles of occupational therapy and the therapy process. You must be familiar with enabling occupation and participation through the means of occupational therapy. You must have the know-how of working with clients in social-, health and rehabilitation sector enhancing well-being and agency. You must know the central principles of leading a group and how to use occupation and creative activities as a mean of goal- directed group activity.